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Partisan composition of state houses
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The partisan composition of state houses refers to which party holds the majority of seats in the state house or the lower level of each state legislature. Altogether, in the 49 state houses, there are 5,413 state representatives. The map below highlights each state based on which party controls its state house.
Cumulative numbers
As of September 14, 2025, 5,370 state representatives were affiliated with either the Democratic or Republican parties. This total is updated monthly.
| Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Legislative chamber | 
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 Other
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Vacant | ||||
| State senates | 833 | 1,122 | 5 | 13 | ||||
| State houses | 2,392 | 2,978 | 20 | 23 | ||||
| Total: | 3,225
|
4,100
|
25
|
36 | ||||
Vacancies
As of April 8, 2025, there were 15 state house vacancies across 12 states. This total is updated monthly.
| State | Vacancies |
|---|---|
| Alabama | 1 |
| Connecticut | 1 |
| Florida | 1 |
| Hawaii | 1 |
| Iowa | 1 |
| Louisiana | 1 |
| Massachusetts | 2 |
| Mississippi | 2 |
| Missouri | 1 |
| New Hampshire | 1 |
| Oklahoma | 2 |
| Pennsylvania | 1 |
| South Carolina | 1 |
Minor party
As of April 8, 2025, there were 19 state representatives in eight states identifying as independents or parties other than Democratic and Republican. This total is updated monthly.
| State | Independents/Minor party |
|---|---|
| Alaska | 4 (Independent), 1 (Undeclared) |
| Maine | 1 (unenrolled) |
| Massachusetts | 1 (unenrolled) |
| Mississippi | 2 (Independent) |
| New Hampshire | 1 (No affiliation) |
| Rhode Island | 1 (Independent) |
| Vermont | 4 (Vermont Progressive Party), 3 (Independent) |
Election breakdown
Click here for a breakdown of partisan affiliation of state houses over time.
States
Click here for a state-by-state breakdown of the partisan affiliation of state houses.
Potential ties
A total of 61 state legislative chambers around the country have an even number of members, raising the possibility of a tie between the two major parties. In some instances, a bipartisan coalition of legislators is formed to act as leadership. This tactic has not been the universal approach, however; some legislative bodies have used a coin toss, gubernatorial choice, shared time, or dividing chairperson positions between the parties.[1]
See also
External links
Footnotes
